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The state of the Bay today is much better thanks to the early environmental legislation that halted 120 years of piecemeal and unchecked filling of the Bay. In general, however, and much to the chagrin of proponents of unrestrained growth, the Bay Conservation and Development Commission has stopped most efforts to fill the Bay, including the insane plans of San Mateo County and the city of Richmond. Bay Farm Island between Alameda and the Oakland Airport is a product of this political deal, without which it would still be a substantial wetland and haven for birds and bay wildlife. Various projects that were in the pipeline prior to the passage of the McAteer-Petris Act were grandfathered in and allowed to proceed. Governor Ronald Reagan signing the 1969 law that made the Bay Conservation and Development District permanent, with Save the Bay co-founders Gulick, McGlaughlin, and Kerr looking on. should lead to the preparation of a comprehensive and enforceable plan for the conservation of the water of the Bay and the development of its shoreline." The study should examine all present and proposed uses of the Bay and its shoreline and. the ecological balance of the Bay, and the economic interests in the Bay, including the needs of the Bay Area population for industry and for employment. Its purpose initially was to make "a detailed study of all the characteristics of the Bay, including the quality, quantity, and movement of Bay waters. In June 1965, the McAteer-Petris Act passed, establishing the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission in September 1965. San Francisco's state senator Eugene McAteer worked with Assemblyman Nicholas Petris of the East Bay to usher a bill through the state legislature. The Save San Francisco Bay Association, well-financed and politically connected, drew the attention of legislators representing the region in the California State Legislature.
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Where was the vast quantity of dirt to come from? San Bruno Mountain! Planners projected that 1 billion cubic yards of rock and soil could be chopped off the top of the mountain and deposited in the Bay, unleashing an unprecedented development/real estate boom, extending San Mateo County's size and creating billions in taxpaying property full of businesses and new residential neighborhoods.įilling the Bay became a hot political issue all around San Francisco Bay. Once built, the area between the two freeways would become prime development acreage, needing only to be reclaimed from mud and tides. California highway engineers planned a second freeway paralleling today's Highway 101, and proposed to build it two miles out in the water of the Bay, skirting the eastern edge of the SF Airport. Perhaps the most dramatic threat to the Bay was along the Peninsula in San Mateo County. The San Francisco and Oakland airports were expanding, the city of Richmond planned to fill in thousands of tidal acres for further expansion of its industrial base, developers in Sausalito sought permission to extend the city several hundred yards into the Bay, eliminating the existing shoreline and obscuring the views with multiple-story apartments and offices. But all around the San Francisco Bay in the mid-1960s plans were moving ahead to drastically alter the shoreline and make land-thousands of acres were slated to be filled. Political organizing in Berkeley derailed the landfill plans and even caused Santa Fe railroad to withdraw its plans to fill their shoreline holdings in the East Bay. Three university wives-Kay Kerr, Sylvia McLaughlin, and Esther Gulick-held a meeting in the Berkeley hills with local environmentalists where they founded the Save San Francisco Bay Association. In 1962, the city of Berkeley announced plans to double the physical size of the town by beginning to fill the 4,000 acres of Bay owned by Berkeley. Save the Bay co-founders Kay Kerr, Sylvia McGlaughlin, and Esther Gulick.